Travellers with valid visas and green cards have reportedly been prevented from boarding flights and turned away at US border control after Donald Trump signed an executive order banning citizens of seven Middle Eastern countries from entering the United States.
Lawyers have announced a legal challenge to the order, which the US Department for Homeland Security confirmed on Saturday afternoon applies to green card holders, meaning lawful permanent residents of the United States will be barred from returning if they travel abroad.
Mr Trump signed an executive order closing US borders to all refugees for a period of at least four months and temporarily banning all travellers from half a dozen countries, regardless of whether they have already been issued visas, on Friday evening.
"We want to ensure that we are not admitting into our country the very threats our soldiers are fighting overseas," Trump said as he signed the order at the Pentagon. "We only want to admit those into our country who will support our country and love deeply our people."
The order, which came into force as soon as Mr Trump signed it, requires US border officials to turn away any traveller from Syria, Iraq, Iran, Sudan, Libya, Somalia and Yemen for the next 90 days.
With only a few exceptions for diplomats and dual citizens, the order takes no account of whether travellers have already been issued with visas or have visited the United States before.
There were immediate reports of travellers who had been issued visas for travel being turned away or told not to board flights because of the ban.
Banned from the Academy Awards
They included an Iranian film director nominated for an Oscar in the Best Foreign Film category who will be unable to attend this year's ceremony in the wake of President Trump's ban.
Asghar Farhadi is nominated for The Salesman , which tells of a couple whose relationship is thrown into disarray after an intruder surprises her in the shower.
Meanwhile, Mohammed Al Rawi, a graduate of California State University and former journalist with the Los Angeles Times, said his father had been hauled off a flight in Qatar as a direct result of Mr Trump's decision.
He wrote on Facebook hours after the order was signed:
Five Iraqi passengers and one Yemeni were barred from boarding an EgyptAir flight from Cairo to New York on Saturday.
The passengers, arriving in transit to Cairo airport, were stopped and re-directed to flights headed for their home countries despite holding valid visas, Reuters reported.
Some airlines have warned that all passengers whose journeys began in any of the seven countries may be affected, even if their own citizenship is not on the "banned" list.
Vera Mironova, a Russian citizen returning from an academic research trip to Iraq, said she had been warned at check in that she may not be allowed into the US despite holding a green card.
"I just talked to Lufthansa guys and since an hour ago they need to inform all people traveling from Iraq about this possibility," she said before boarding on Saturday afternoon.
Lawyers mount legal challenge to refugee ban
Donald Trump's decision to close America's borders to refugees was causing confusion and chaos at airports across the US, as people fleeing war zones were turned away by customs officials.
But the ban is now being met with several high profile challenges from lawyers at civil rights organisations who say that the demands made in the executive order may be illegal.
The Immigration and Nationality Act, implemented by congress in 1965 banned all discrimination against immigrants on the basis of national origin. President Lyndon B Johnson said as he signed the law that “the harsh injustice” of the national-origins quota system had been “abolished.”
The law states that no person could be “discriminated against in the issuance of an immigrant visa because of the person’s race, sex, nationality, place of birth or place of residence.”
The detentions at airports around the US have prompted legal challenges. The New York Times reported that lawyers representing two Iraqi refugees held at Kennedy Airport filed a writ of habeas corpus early Saturday in the Eastern District of New York seeking to have their clients released. At the same time, they filed a motion for class certification, in an effort to represent all refugees and immigrants who they said were being unlawfully detained at ports of entry.
One of the Iraqis, Khalid Darweesh, worked for the US government in Iraq for a decade. Whilst the other, Haider Sameer Abdulkhaleq Alshawi, was coming to the United States to join his wife and young son, the lawyers said.
The attorneys said they were barred from meeting with their clients. When they asked who they needed to talk to to remedy this, a Customs and Border Protection official told them to "call Mr Trump".
One of the lawyers is from the Refugee Assistance Project. The group said in a statement that the executive order is “irresponsible and dangerous”.
The organisation said: “Denying thousands of the most persecuted refugees the chance to reach safety is an irresponsible and dangerous move that undermines American values and imperils our foreign relations and national security.
“IRAP works with hundreds of the most vulnerable refugees – children with medical emergencies, survivors of gender-based violence and torture, and Afghan and Iraqi allies to U.S. forces, to name a few – who will be left in immediate life-threatening danger.
“For many of them, resettlement in the United States is their only option to live safely and with dignity.”
Google recalls staff after Trump immigration ban
The order also sparked concern in the business world.
Google recalled all travelling staff members to the United States following the order amid concern about the possible impact on recruiting top talent abroad.
A Google spokesperson said: "We’re concerned about the impact of this order and any proposals that could impose restrictions on Googlers and their families, or that could create barriers to bringing great talent to the US. We'll continue to make our views on these issues known to leaders in Washington and elsewhere."
Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook, wrote in a post on Saturday that he was "concerned" about the impact of the orders and that he would be working with Fwd.US, a charity he supports, to develop protections for child immigrants brought to the US at a young age by their parents.
The order signed by Mr Trump also imposes a 120-day suspension the US refugee resettlement programme, regardless of applicants’ country of origin, while administration officials develop additional vetting procedures and decide which countries those procedures are “adequate” to ensure safety.
Syrian refugees are singled out as “detrimental to the interests of the United States” and banned from entering the country indefinitely.
The U.S. may admit refugees on a case-by-case basis during the freeze, and the government will continue to process requests from people claiming religious persecution, "provided that the religion of the individual is a minority religion in the individual's country."
The order suspended a resettlement programme that allowed 85,000 people fleeing war, hunger, and political or religious persecution, to be resettled in the US last year.
Paul Ryan, the republican speaker of the House, said it was "time to re-evaluate and strengthen the visa-vetting process."
Many Democrats decried the move as “un-American.”
"Tears are running down the cheeks of the Statue of Liberty tonight as a grand tradition of America, welcoming immigrants, that has existed since America was founded has been stomped upon," said Chuck Schumer, Senate Minority Leader.
Theresa May refuses to condemn US refugee ban
Theresa May refused to condemn Mr Trump's decision when she appeared at a joint press conference with Binali Yıldırım, the prime minister of Turkey, following a meeting in Ankara.
Asked by Faisal Islam, the political editor of Sky News, whether she viewed it as an “action of the leader of the free world,” the Prime Minister replied that she had been “very pleased” to have met Mr Trump in Washington.
She proceeded to praise Britain's record on refugees, but avoided commenting on US policy.
"The United States is responsible for the United States policy on refugees," she said when pressed on the issue a second time.
Mr Yıldırım, commenting on the same issue, said UN members “cannot turn a blind eye to this issue and settle it by constructing walls”.
France, Germany and Luxembourg also voiced disquiet at the decision.
Jean-Marc Ayrault, the French Foreign Minister said many of Trump's decisions worried the two U.S. allies, including new immigration restrictions.
"This can only worry us, but there are many subjects that worry us," Mr Ayrault said at a joint news conference in Paris with Sigmar Gabriel, his German counterpart.
"Welcoming refugees who flee war and oppression is part of our duty," he added.
Mr Gabriel said: "The United States is a country where Christian traditions have an important meaning. Loving your neighbour is a major Christian value, and that includes helping people."
The United Nations' refugee agency (UNHCR) and International Organization for Migration (IOM) called on Donald Trump’s administration to continue offering asylum to people fleeing war and persecution, saying its resettlement programme was vital.
"The needs of refugees and migrants worldwide have never been greater and the U.S. resettlement programme is one of the most important in the world," the two Geneva-based agencies said in a joint statement.
"We strongly believe that refugees should receive equal treatment for protection and assistance, and opportunities for resettlement, regardless of their religion, nationality or race," they said.
The agencies hoped "that the US will continue its strong leadership role and long tradition of protecting those who are fleeing conflict and persecution".
Some 25,000 refugees were resettled in the United States between October and year-end under UNHCR's programme for the most vulnerable, the agency said on Friday.
The Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) said it would file a federal lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of the executive order on Monday.
"There is no evidence that refugees - the most thoroughly vetted of all people entering our nation - are a threat to national security," said Lena Masri, the group’s director of National Litigation.
